Feature: Self harm

Self-harm is when people set out to hurt themselves deliberately. It is often done in private as a way of coping with very difficult emotions. Self-harm can include cutting, burning, bruising or poisoning, but does not usually mean someone wants to take their own life.

Recent research estimates that 10 per cent of 15-16 year olds have self-harmed, usually by cutting themselves, and that girls are more likely to self-harm than boys.

Why do people self-harm?

Self-harm can be a way for a young person to show they are feeling a lot of pain and hurt. There are many reasons why young people might harm themselves - although the need to self-harm usually comes from emotions they find difficult to manage. The emotions could relate to any number of things, such as bullying or abuse, or indicate other child welfare concerns.

Young people tell us that self-harm provides a way of releasing tension or anger. It's a physical pain they can deal with, rather than an emotional feeling they find hard to manage. It is also a way of gaining control, especially when they feel other parts of their life are out of control.

Many young people use self-harm as a type of punishment. It could be for something they've done, think they've done, are accused of, or have suffered.

While self-harm is not usually a sign of suicidal thoughts, if a young person is not helped to stop there is a risk they could cause serious damage or accidental death.

How do people self-harm?

There are many ways that people self-harm. These might include:

• cutting or scratching 
• causing bruises
• banging their head against a wall
• pulling out hair
• burning 
• breaking an arm or leg
  

Self-harming can be addictive. A young person may want to stop but might not be able. There is a lot of shame attached to self harm, and this can prevent young people from asking for help.

Sometimes, the underlying causes mean the young person feels they have no one to turn to.

I know someone who may be self-harming, how can I help?

Discovering someone you think is self-harming can leave you feeling worried, confused and helpless, but there are things you can do to help.

Paying attention to their injuries can show them that their body is worth caring about. But don't just focus on the injuries, as it's important to understand how difficult the young person is finding life. Showing them you want to help and understand will matter a great deal.

If you suspect someone is self-harming but you are not in a position to help directly, or you fear their actions might be a reaction to abuse, bullying or neglect, you need to seek help on their behalf.

The NSPCC Helpline is a 24-hour, confidential helpline for adults worried about a child's safety. Our counsellors can offer support and advice for you and the young person.

Please call us on 0808 800 5000 or email us at help@nspcc.org.uk.